DOWPER SOLVENT (PERCHLOROETHYLENE); TETRACHLOROETHYLENE
PERCHLOROETHYLENE (PCE)
Tetrachloroethylene = DOWPER SOLVENT, also known under its systematic name Tetrachloroethylene = DOWPER SOLVENT and many other names, is a chlorocarbon with the formula Cl2C=CCl2. It is a colourless liquid widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics, hence it is sometimes called "dry-cleaning fluid." It has a sweet odor detectable by most people at a concentration of 1 part per million (1 ppm). Worldwide production was about 1 megatonne in 1985.[1]
Production ( Sản Phẩm)
Michael Faraday first synthesized tetrachloroethene in 1821 by thermal decomposition of hexachloroethane.
C2Cl6 → C2Cl4 + Cl2
Most tetrachloroethene is produced by high temperature chlorinolysis of light hydrocarbons. The method is related to Faraday's discovery since hexachloroethane is generated and thermally decomposes.[1] Side products include carbon tetrachloride, hydrogen chloride, and hexachlorobutadiene.
Several other methods have been developed. When 1,2-dichloroethane is heated to 400 °C with chlorine, tetrachloroethene is produced by the chemical reaction:
ClCH2CH2Cl + 3 Cl2 → Cl2C=CCl2 + 4 HCl
This reaction can be catalyzed by a mixture of potassium chloride and aluminium chloride or by activated carbon. Trichloroethylene is a major byproduct, which is separated by distillation.
According to an EPA report of 1976, the quantity of Tetrachloroethylene (also known as perchloroethylene or PCE) produced in the United States in just one year 1973, totaled 706 million pounds (320,000 metric tons). Daimond Shamrock, Dow Chemical Compnay, E.I DuPont and Vulcan Materials Company (Chemical Division) were among the top eight producers nationwide. [2]
Uses ( Ứng Dụng)
Tetrachloroethylene = DOWPER SOLVENT is an excellent solvent for organic materials. Otherwise it is volatile, highly stable, and nonflammable. For these reasons, it is widely used in dry cleaning. Usually as a mixture with other chlorocarbons, it is also used to degrease metal parts in the automotive and other metalworking industries. It appears in a few consumer products including paint strippers and spot removers.
Historical applications
Tetrachloroethylene = DOWPER SOLVENT was once extensively used as an intermediate in the manufacture of HFC-134a and related refrigerants. In the early 20th century, tetrachloroethene was used for the treatment for hookworm infestation.[3]
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